常见任务 二 ============ bitbake 定位相关目录 --------------------- 定位recipe文件位置 :: bitbake -e dropbear | grep ^FILE= FILE="/home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/build/workspace/recipes/dropbear/dropbear_2020.80.bb" 定位recipe依赖的conf、bbclass、bbapend等文件 :: bitbake -e | grep ^BBINCLUDED= 定位构建这个包时的工作目录 :: bitbake -e dropbear | grep ^WORKDIR= WORKDIR="/home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/build/tmp/work/core2-64-poky-linux/dropbear/2020.80-r0" 定位源码解压后的位置 :: bitbake -e dropbear | grep ^S= S="/home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/build/workspace/sources/dropbear" 定位源码的编译目录 :: bitbake -e dropbear | grep ^B= B="/home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/build/tmp/work/core2-64-poky-linux/dropbear/2020.80-r0/dropbear-2020.80/" bitbake 执行任务 ----------------- 执行 bitbake -s 命令可以列出当前项目中所有可构建的包和版本。构建一个包的最简单方法是执行 bitbake ， Bitbake 会搜索这个包的 recipe 文件，找到后就解析 recipe 中的配置选项，然后依次执行如下任务（task）。 1) Fetch–从远程或者本地获取源码 2) Extract–将源码解压到指定的工作目录下，之后所有的构建工作都在这个工作目录下进行 3) Patch–为错误修复和新功能应用补丁文件 4) Configure–进行编译前的配置工作 5) Compile–编译和链接 6) Install–将文件复制到目标目录下 7) Package–生成安装包 也可以通过-c参数执行单独的任务，例如只下载源码可以执行 bitbake -c fetch 。常用的任务选项有： 1) fetch ，下载源码 2) unpack ，解压源码 3) patch ， 打补丁 4) configure ，配置 5) compile ，编译 6) clean ，删除最终输出的文件 7) clearsstate ，删除编译过程产生的所有文件 8) cleanall ，删除所有文件，包括下载的源码包，编译过程的缓存文件和最终的输出文件。 升级recipes ------------ 使用devtool upgrade ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 要查看所有可用的命令选项，可使用以下帮助命令 :: devtool upgrade -h 如果在不尝试升级本地版本的情况下查询上游的版本，可以使用以下命令 :: devtool latest-version recipe_name 例 devtool latest-version dropbear ... ... INFO: Current version: 2020.80 INFO: Latest version: 2020.81 升级recipes可以使用以下命令 :: devtool upgrade recipe_name -V version # 省略版本号则将升级到最新版本 devtool upgrade dropbear -V 2020.81 然后执行以下命令来重新构建recipes :: devtool build dropbear 手动升级recipes ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 手动升级recipes通常需要以下几个步骤: 1) 更改版本: 重命名recipe，如果版本不是recipe名称的一部分，更改recipe内的PV值 2) 如果需要: 更新SRCREV: 如果源代码是从git获取的那就更新SRCREV以指向与新版本匹配的提交哈希 3) 构建软件: 使用bitbake构建recipe **devshell pydevshell** 可以通过以下方式启动 :: bitbake dropbear -c devshell bitbake dropbear -c pdevshell 此命令会生成一个带有shell提示的终端，该终端下 1) PATH变量包括交叉工具链 2) pkgconfig变量找到正确的.pc文件 3) configure命令会查找yocto站点文件和其他必要文件 4) 工作目录也会自动更改为源目录($S) 使用库 -------- 下面是bitbake配置文件的一部分，其中可以看到静态库文件是如何定义的 :: PACKAGE_BEFORE_PN ?= "" PACKAGES = "${PN}-dbg ${PN}-staticdev ${PN}-dev ${PN}-doc ${PN}-locale ${PACKAGE_BEFORE_PN} ${PN}" PACKAGES_DYNAMIC = "^${PN}-locale-.*" FILES = "" FILES:${PN} = "${bindir}/* ${sbindir}/* ${libexecdir}/* ${libdir}/lib*${SOLIBS} \ ${sysconfdir} ${sharedstatedir} ${localstatedir} \ ${base_bindir}/* ${base_sbindir}/* \ ${base_libdir}/*${SOLIBS} \ ${base_prefix}/lib/udev/rules.d ${prefix}/lib/udev/rules.d \ ${datadir}/${BPN} ${libdir}/${BPN}/* \ ${datadir}/pixmaps ${datadir}/applications \ ${datadir}/idl ${datadir}/omf ${datadir}/sounds \ ${libdir}/bonobo/servers" FILES:${PN}-bin = "${bindir}/* ${sbindir}/*" FILES:${PN}-doc = "${docdir} ${mandir} ${infodir} ${datadir}/gtk-doc \ ${datadir}/gnome/help" SECTION:${PN}-doc = "doc" FILES_SOLIBSDEV ?= "${base_libdir}/lib*${SOLIBSDEV} ${libdir}/lib*${SOLIBSDEV}" FILES:${PN}-dev = "${includedir} ${FILES_SOLIBSDEV} ${libdir}/*.la \ ${libdir}/*.o ${libdir}/pkgconfig ${datadir}/pkgconfig \ ${datadir}/aclocal ${base_libdir}/*.o \ ${libdir}/${BPN}/*.la ${base_libdir}/*.la" SECTION:${PN}-dev = "devel" ALLOW_EMPTY:${PN}-dev = "1" RDEPENDS:${PN}-dev = "${PN} (= ${EXTENDPKGV})" FILES:${PN}-staticdev = "${libdir}/*.a ${base_libdir}/*.a ${libdir}/${BPN}/*.a" SECTION:${PN}-staticdev = "devel" RDEPENDS:${PN}-staticdev = "${PN}-dev (= ${EXTENDPKGV})" multilib允许多个版本的库同时存在 :: MACHINE = "qemux86-64" require conf/multilib.conf MULTILIBS = "multilib:lib32" DEFAULTTUNE:virtclass-multilib-lib32 = "x86" IMAGE_INSTALL:append = "lib32-glib-2.0" 使用wic创建镜像分区 -------------------- wic支持七种命令cp, create, help, list, ls, rm, write :: wic -h wic help command 可以使用list命令返回可用wic镜像 :: wic list images #该命令输出的images内容，可对应wks_file(kickstart 文件) genericx86 Create an EFI disk image for genericx86* edgerouter Create SD card image for Edgerouter beaglebone-yocto Create SD card image for Beaglebone efi-bootdisk mkhybridiso Create a hybrid ISO image systemd-bootdisk Create an EFI disk image with systemd-boot directdisk Create a 'pcbios' direct disk image qemuriscv Create qcow2 image for RISC-V QEMU machines sdimage-bootpart Create SD card image with a boot partition directdisk-multi-rootfs Create multi rootfs image using rootfs plugin directdisk-bootloader-config Create a 'pcbios' direct disk image with custom bootloader config mkefidisk Create an EFI disk image qemux86-directdisk Create a qemu machine 'pcbios' direct disk image directdisk-gpt Create a 'pcbios' direct disk image wic支持两种操作模式，Raw和Cooked **raw模式** :: $ wic create wks_file options ... Where: wks_file: An OpenEmbedded kickstart file. You can provide your own custom file or use a file from a set of existing files as described by further options. optional arguments: -h, --help show this help message and exit -o OUTDIR, --outdir OUTDIR name of directory to create image in -e IMAGE_NAME, --image-name IMAGE_NAME name of the image to use the artifacts from e.g. core- image-sato -r ROOTFS_DIR, --rootfs-dir ROOTFS_DIR path to the /rootfs dir to use as the .wks rootfs source -b BOOTIMG_DIR, --bootimg-dir BOOTIMG_DIR path to the dir containing the boot artifacts (e.g. /EFI or /syslinux dirs) to use as the .wks bootimg source -k KERNEL_DIR, --kernel-dir KERNEL_DIR path to the dir containing the kernel to use in the .wks bootimg -n NATIVE_SYSROOT, --native-sysroot NATIVE_SYSROOT path to the native sysroot containing the tools to use to build the image -s, --skip-build-check skip the build check -f, --build-rootfs build rootfs -c {gzip,bzip2,xz}, --compress-with {gzip,bzip2,xz} compress image with specified compressor -m, --bmap generate .bmap --no-fstab-update Do not change fstab file. -v VARS_DIR, --vars VARS_DIR directory with .env files that store bitbake variables -D, --debug output debug information **Cooked模式** :: $ wic create wks_file -e IMAGE_NAME Where: wks_file: An OpenEmbedded kickstart file. You can provide your own custom file or use a file from a set of existing files provided with the Yocto Project release. required argument: -e IMAGE_NAME, --image-name IMAGE_NAME name of the image to use the artifacts from e.g. core- image-sato 以下是genericx86.wks文件中用于生成image实际分区语言命令 :: # short-description: Create an EFI disk image for genericx86* # long-description: Creates a partitioned EFI disk image for genericx86* machines part /boot --source bootimg-efi --sourceparams="loader=grub-efi" --ondisk sda --label msdos --active --align 1024 part / --source rootfs --ondisk sda --fstype=ext4 --label platform --align 1024 --use-uuid part swap --ondisk sda --size 44 --label swap1 --fstype=swap bootloader --ptable gpt --timeout=5 --append="rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyS0,115200 console=tty0" **示例** cooked模式下运行 :: wic create mkefidisk -e core-image-minimal ... ... INFO: Creating image(s)... INFO: The new image(s) can be found here: ./mkefidisk-202112241844-sda.direct The following build artifacts were used to create the image(s): ROOTFS_DIR: /home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/build/tmp/work/qemux86_64-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/rootfs BOOTIMG_DIR: /home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/build/tmp/work/qemux86_64-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/share KERNEL_DIR: /home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/build/tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64 NATIVE_SYSROOT: /home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/build/tmp/work/core2-64-poky-linux/wic-tools/1.0-r0/recipe-sysroot-native INFO: The image(s) were created using OE kickstart file: /home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/scripts/lib/wic/canned-wks/mkefidisk.wks 然后可以使用dd命令或者bmaptool命令将镜像写入存储设备 :: sudo dd if=./mkefidisk-202112241844-sda.direct of=/dev/sda2 oe-run-native bmaptool copy ./mkefidisk-202112241844-sda.direct /dev/sda2 使用修改后的kickstart文件并以原始模式运行 :: wic create test.wks -o /home/yinwg/yocto/build/test \ --rootfs-dir /home/yinwg/yocto/build/tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/rootfs \ --bootimg-dir /home/yinwg/yocto/build/tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/share \ --kernel-dir /home/yinwg/yocto/build/tmp/deploy/images/qemux86 \ --native-sysroot /home/yinwg/yocto/build/tmp/work/i586-poky-linux/wic-tools/1.0-r0/recipe-sysroot-native **使用wic操作image** 1) 列出分区 :: $ wic ls tmp/deploy/images/qemux86/core-image-minimal-qemux86.wic Num Start End Size Fstype 1 1048576 25041919 23993344 fat16 2 25165824 72157183 46991360 ext4 2) 检查特定分区 :: $ wic ls tmp/deploy/images/qemux86/core-image-minimal-qemux86.wic:1 Volume in drive : is boot Volume Serial Number is E894-1809 Directory for ::/ libcom32 c32 186500 2021-10-09 16:06 libutil c32 24148 2021-10-09 16:06 syslinux cfg 220 2021-10-09 16:06 vesamenu c32 27104 2021-10-09 16:06 vmlinuz 6904608 2021-10-09 16:06 5 files 7 142 580 bytes 16 582 656 bytes free 3) 删除分区内文件 :: wic rm tmp/deploy/images/qemux86/core-image-minimal-qemux86.wic:1/vmlinuz 4) 增加分区内文件 :: $ wic cp poky_sdk/tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/linux-yocto/4.12.12+git999-r0/linux-yocto-4.12.12+git999/arch/x86/boot/bzImage \ poky/build/tmp/deploy/images/qemux86/core-image-minimal-qemux86.wic:1/vmlinuz 文件系统相关 ------------- **只使用systemd** :: DISTRO_FEATURES:append = "systemd" VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_init_manager = "systemd" 如果要防止sysVinit功能被自动启用，做如下设置 :: DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED = "sysvinit" 这样会删除多余的SysVinit脚本，要从iamge中完全删除initscripts，还需要设置此变量 :: VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_initscripts = "" **主image使用systemd，救援image使用sysvinit** :: DISTRO_FEATURES:append = " systemd" VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_init_manager = "systemd" **选择设备管理器** 使用静态方法进行设备填充 :: USE_DEVFS = "0" 如果为定义IMAGE_DEVICE_TABLES变量，则使用默认值 device_table-minimal.txt :: IMAGE_DEVICE_TABLES = "device_table-mymachine.txt" makedevs在创建image期间，该程序会处理填充 **使用devtmpfs和设备管理器** 使用动态方法进行设备填充 :: USE_DEVFS = "1" 要使用此设置，需要确保在配置内核时CONFIG_DEVTMPFS打开了。如果要更好的控制设备节点可以使用设备管理器如udev或者busybox-mdev :: VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_dev_manager = "udev" # Some alternative values # VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_dev_manager = "busybox-mdev" # VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_dev_manager = "systemd" **创建只读根文件系统** :: IMAGE_FEATURES += "read-only-rootfs" 或 EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES = "read-only-rootfs"