8.7.6. 常见任务 二
8.7.6.1. bitbake 定位相关目录
定位recipe文件位置
bitbake -e dropbear | grep ^FILE=
FILE="/home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/build/workspace/recipes/dropbear/dropbear_2020.80.bb"
定位recipe依赖的conf、bbclass、bbapend等文件
bitbake -e | grep ^BBINCLUDED=
定位构建这个包时的工作目录
bitbake -e dropbear | grep ^WORKDIR=
WORKDIR="/home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/build/tmp/work/core2-64-poky-linux/dropbear/2020.80-r0"
定位源码解压后的位置
bitbake -e dropbear | grep ^S=
S="/home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/build/workspace/sources/dropbear"
定位源码的编译目录
- ::
bitbake -e dropbear | grep ^B= B=”/home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/build/tmp/work/core2-64-poky-linux/dropbear/2020.80-r0/dropbear-2020.80/”
8.7.6.2. bitbake 执行任务
执行 bitbake -s 命令可以列出当前项目中所有可构建的包和版本。构建一个包的最简单方法是执行 bitbake <package_name> ， Bitbake 会搜索这个包的 recipe 文件，找到后就解析 recipe 中的配置选项，然后依次执行如下任务（task）。
Fetch–从远程或者本地获取源码
Extract–将源码解压到指定的工作目录下，之后所有的构建工作都在这个工作目录下进行
Patch–为错误修复和新功能应用补丁文件
Configure–进行编译前的配置工作
Compile–编译和链接
Install–将文件复制到目标目录下
Package–生成安装包
也可以通过-c参数执行单独的任务，例如只下载源码可以执行 bitbake <package_name> -c fetch 。常用的任务选项有：
fetch ，下载源码
unpack ，解压源码
patch ， 打补丁
configure ，配置
compile ，编译
clean ，删除最终输出的文件
clearsstate ，删除编译过程产生的所有文件
cleanall ，删除所有文件，包括下载的源码包，编译过程的缓存文件和最终的输出文件。
8.7.6.3. 升级recipes
8.7.6.3.1. 使用devtool upgrade
要查看所有可用的命令选项，可使用以下帮助命令
devtool upgrade -h
如果在不尝试升级本地版本的情况下查询上游的版本，可以使用以下命令
devtool latest-version recipe_name
例
devtool latest-version dropbear
...
...
INFO: Current version: 2020.80
INFO: Latest version: 2020.81
升级recipes可以使用以下命令
devtool upgrade recipe_name -V version
# 省略版本号则将升级到最新版本
devtool upgrade dropbear -V 2020.81
然后执行以下命令来重新构建recipes
devtool build dropbear
8.7.6.3.2. 手动升级recipes
手动升级recipes通常需要以下几个步骤:
更改版本: 重命名recipe，如果版本不是recipe名称的一部分，更改recipe内的PV值
如果需要: 更新SRCREV: 如果源代码是从git获取的那就更新SRCREV以指向与新版本匹配的提交哈希
构建软件: 使用bitbake构建recipe
devshell pydevshell
可以通过以下方式启动
bitbake dropbear -c devshell
bitbake dropbear -c pdevshell
此命令会生成一个带有shell提示的终端，该终端下
PATH变量包括交叉工具链
pkgconfig变量找到正确的.pc文件
configure命令会查找yocto站点文件和其他必要文件
工作目录也会自动更改为源目录($S)
8.7.6.4. 使用库
下面是bitbake配置文件的一部分，其中可以看到静态库文件是如何定义的
PACKAGE_BEFORE_PN ?= ""
PACKAGES = "${PN}-dbg ${PN}-staticdev ${PN}-dev ${PN}-doc ${PN}-locale ${PACKAGE_BEFORE_PN} ${PN}"
PACKAGES_DYNAMIC = "^${PN}-locale-.*"
FILES = ""
FILES:${PN} = "${bindir}/* ${sbindir}/* ${libexecdir}/* ${libdir}/lib*${SOLIBS} \
${sysconfdir} ${sharedstatedir} ${localstatedir} \
${base_bindir}/* ${base_sbindir}/* \
${base_libdir}/*${SOLIBS} \
${base_prefix}/lib/udev/rules.d ${prefix}/lib/udev/rules.d \
${datadir}/${BPN} ${libdir}/${BPN}/* \
${datadir}/pixmaps ${datadir}/applications \
${datadir}/idl ${datadir}/omf ${datadir}/sounds \
${libdir}/bonobo/servers"
FILES:${PN}-bin = "${bindir}/* ${sbindir}/*"
FILES:${PN}-doc = "${docdir} ${mandir} ${infodir} ${datadir}/gtk-doc \
${datadir}/gnome/help"
SECTION:${PN}-doc = "doc"
FILES_SOLIBSDEV ?= "${base_libdir}/lib*${SOLIBSDEV} ${libdir}/lib*${SOLIBSDEV}"
FILES:${PN}-dev = "${includedir} ${FILES_SOLIBSDEV} ${libdir}/*.la \
${libdir}/*.o ${libdir}/pkgconfig ${datadir}/pkgconfig \
${datadir}/aclocal ${base_libdir}/*.o \
${libdir}/${BPN}/*.la ${base_libdir}/*.la"
SECTION:${PN}-dev = "devel"
ALLOW_EMPTY:${PN}-dev = "1"
RDEPENDS:${PN}-dev = "${PN} (= ${EXTENDPKGV})"
FILES:${PN}-staticdev = "${libdir}/*.a ${base_libdir}/*.a ${libdir}/${BPN}/*.a"
SECTION:${PN}-staticdev = "devel"
RDEPENDS:${PN}-staticdev = "${PN}-dev (= ${EXTENDPKGV})"
multilib允许多个版本的库同时存在
MACHINE = "qemux86-64"
require conf/multilib.conf
MULTILIBS = "multilib:lib32"
DEFAULTTUNE:virtclass-multilib-lib32 = "x86"
IMAGE_INSTALL:append = "lib32-glib-2.0"
8.7.6.5. 使用wic创建镜像分区
wic支持七种命令cp, create, help, list, ls, rm, write
wic -h
wic help command
可以使用list命令返回可用wic镜像
wic list images
#该命令输出的images内容，可对应wks_file(kickstart 文件)
genericx86 Create an EFI disk image for genericx86*
edgerouter Create SD card image for Edgerouter
beaglebone-yocto Create SD card image for Beaglebone
efi-bootdisk
mkhybridiso Create a hybrid ISO image
systemd-bootdisk Create an EFI disk image with systemd-boot
directdisk Create a 'pcbios' direct disk image
qemuriscv Create qcow2 image for RISC-V QEMU machines
sdimage-bootpart Create SD card image with a boot partition
directdisk-multi-rootfs Create multi rootfs image using rootfs plugin
directdisk-bootloader-config Create a 'pcbios' direct disk image with custom bootloader config
mkefidisk Create an EFI disk image
qemux86-directdisk Create a qemu machine 'pcbios' direct disk image
directdisk-gpt Create a 'pcbios' direct disk image
wic支持两种操作模式，Raw和Cooked
raw模式
$ wic create wks_file options ...
Where:
wks_file:
An OpenEmbedded kickstart file. You can provide
your own custom file or use a file from a set of
existing files as described by further options.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-o OUTDIR, --outdir OUTDIR
name of directory to create image in
-e IMAGE_NAME, --image-name IMAGE_NAME
name of the image to use the artifacts from e.g. core-
image-sato
-r ROOTFS_DIR, --rootfs-dir ROOTFS_DIR
path to the /rootfs dir to use as the .wks rootfs
source
-b BOOTIMG_DIR, --bootimg-dir BOOTIMG_DIR
path to the dir containing the boot artifacts (e.g.
/EFI or /syslinux dirs) to use as the .wks bootimg
source
-k KERNEL_DIR, --kernel-dir KERNEL_DIR
path to the dir containing the kernel to use in the
.wks bootimg
-n NATIVE_SYSROOT, --native-sysroot NATIVE_SYSROOT
path to the native sysroot containing the tools to use
to build the image
-s, --skip-build-check
skip the build check
-f, --build-rootfs build rootfs
-c {gzip,bzip2,xz}, --compress-with {gzip,bzip2,xz}
compress image with specified compressor
-m, --bmap generate .bmap
--no-fstab-update Do not change fstab file.
-v VARS_DIR, --vars VARS_DIR
directory with <image>.env files that store bitbake
variables
-D, --debug output debug information
Cooked模式
$ wic create wks_file -e IMAGE_NAME
Where:
wks_file:
An OpenEmbedded kickstart file. You can provide
your own custom file or use a file from a set of
existing files provided with the Yocto Project
release.
required argument:
-e IMAGE_NAME, --image-name IMAGE_NAME
name of the image to use the artifacts from e.g. core-
image-sato
以下是genericx86.wks文件中用于生成image实际分区语言命令
# short-description: Create an EFI disk image for genericx86*
# long-description: Creates a partitioned EFI disk image for genericx86* machines
part /boot --source bootimg-efi --sourceparams="loader=grub-efi" --ondisk sda --label msdos --active --align 1024
part / --source rootfs --ondisk sda --fstype=ext4 --label platform --align 1024 --use-uuid
part swap --ondisk sda --size 44 --label swap1 --fstype=swap
bootloader --ptable gpt --timeout=5 --append="rootfstype=ext4 console=ttyS0,115200 console=tty0"
示例
cooked模式下运行
wic create mkefidisk -e core-image-minimal
...
...
INFO: Creating image(s)...
INFO: The new image(s) can be found here:
./mkefidisk-202112241844-sda.direct
The following build artifacts were used to create the image(s):
ROOTFS_DIR: /home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/build/tmp/work/qemux86_64-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/rootfs
BOOTIMG_DIR: /home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/build/tmp/work/qemux86_64-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/share
KERNEL_DIR: /home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/build/tmp/deploy/images/qemux86-64
NATIVE_SYSROOT: /home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/build/tmp/work/core2-64-poky-linux/wic-tools/1.0-r0/recipe-sysroot-native
INFO: The image(s) were created using OE kickstart file:
/home/yinwg/ywg_workspace/yocto/yocto/scripts/lib/wic/canned-wks/mkefidisk.wks
然后可以使用dd命令或者bmaptool命令将镜像写入存储设备
sudo dd if=./mkefidisk-202112241844-sda.direct of=/dev/sda2
oe-run-native bmaptool copy ./mkefidisk-202112241844-sda.direct /dev/sda2
使用修改后的kickstart文件并以原始模式运行
wic create test.wks -o /home/yinwg/yocto/build/test \
--rootfs-dir /home/yinwg/yocto/build/tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/rootfs \
--bootimg-dir /home/yinwg/yocto/build/tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/core-image-minimal/1.0-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/share \
--kernel-dir /home/yinwg/yocto/build/tmp/deploy/images/qemux86 \
--native-sysroot /home/yinwg/yocto/build/tmp/work/i586-poky-linux/wic-tools/1.0-r0/recipe-sysroot-native
使用wic操作image
列出分区
$ wic ls tmp/deploy/images/qemux86/core-image-minimal-qemux86.wic
Num Start End Size Fstype
1 1048576 25041919 23993344 fat16
2 25165824 72157183 46991360 ext4
检查特定分区
$ wic ls tmp/deploy/images/qemux86/core-image-minimal-qemux86.wic:1
Volume in drive : is boot
Volume Serial Number is E894-1809
Directory for ::/
libcom32 c32 186500 2021-10-09 16:06
libutil c32 24148 2021-10-09 16:06
syslinux cfg 220 2021-10-09 16:06
vesamenu c32 27104 2021-10-09 16:06
vmlinuz 6904608 2021-10-09 16:06
5 files 7 142 580 bytes
16 582 656 bytes free
删除分区内文件
wic rm tmp/deploy/images/qemux86/core-image-minimal-qemux86.wic:1/vmlinuz
增加分区内文件
$ wic cp poky_sdk/tmp/work/qemux86-poky-linux/linux-yocto/4.12.12+git999-r0/linux-yocto-4.12.12+git999/arch/x86/boot/bzImage \
poky/build/tmp/deploy/images/qemux86/core-image-minimal-qemux86.wic:1/vmlinuz
8.7.6.6. 文件系统相关
只使用systemd
DISTRO_FEATURES:append = "systemd"
VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_init_manager = "systemd"
如果要防止sysVinit功能被自动启用，做如下设置
DISTRO_FEATURES_BACKFILL_CONSIDERED = "sysvinit"
这样会删除多余的SysVinit脚本，要从iamge中完全删除initscripts，还需要设置此变量
VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_initscripts = ""
主image使用systemd，救援image使用sysvinit
DISTRO_FEATURES:append = " systemd"
VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_init_manager = "systemd"
选择设备管理器
使用静态方法进行设备填充
USE_DEVFS = "0"
如果为定义IMAGE_DEVICE_TABLES变量，则使用默认值 device_table-minimal.txt
IMAGE_DEVICE_TABLES = "device_table-mymachine.txt"
makedevs在创建image期间，该程序会处理填充
使用devtmpfs和设备管理器
使用动态方法进行设备填充
USE_DEVFS = "1"
要使用此设置，需要确保在配置内核时CONFIG_DEVTMPFS打开了。如果要更好的控制设备节点可以使用设备管理器如udev或者busybox-mdev
VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_dev_manager = "udev"
# Some alternative values
# VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_dev_manager = "busybox-mdev"
# VIRTUAL-RUNTIME_dev_manager = "systemd"
创建只读根文件系统
IMAGE_FEATURES += "read-only-rootfs"
或
EXTRA_IMAGE_FEATURES = "read-only-rootfs"